Paul Ferraresi

THE IMPORTANCE OF GOALS

A cash flow plan will function best if it reflects your goals, whether long-term or short-term. The purchase of a pleasure boat in three years or the decision to remodel your basement next winter should influence your cash flow plans.

The goals that you have already set will help you shape your personal version of this system. Refer to them often.

As you achieve some short-term goals, or begin to see significant progress towards long term-goals, your enthusiasm for this process will increase – and that will make the system even more effective for you.

ESTABLISHING YOUR SYSTEM

What should your system contain? There are four factors that will help you establish control over money:

• INCOME/EXPENSE
Identify and isolate income and disbursements (referred to as expense). You will consider whether income is gross, or net (the amount you actually have available).

• CATEGORY
Define the kinds of income you receive and the kinds of expenses you incur. Categorize them according to the fixed or flexible nature of the item.

• TIME
Your system should be based on a monthly structure. You should quantify your income and expense within a 12-month format.

• AMOUNT
Income and expenses are expressed in dollars.

Once you have qualified all financial transactions, you will be well on the way to controlling your cash flow, rather than letting it control you.
 
PERIODIC FIXED EXPENSES

Many people have lost control over cash flow because they have no system to handle periodic known expenses of a substantial nature. Good examples of this type of expense might be a large real estate tax bill of $1,500 due every March, a life insurance premium of $840 due in November, or an IRA deposit of $2,000 which must be made by April 15th.

What people frequently do is remember the bill a month before it is due and start scrimping, but it is too late! So, what happens then? In the ensuing months, they start running behind on bills or they simply do not make the planned payment at all. Interest charges are then added, and their attitude starts to decline.

The solution is to schedule these larger payments and start saving for them on a monthly basis. For example, for a small additional amount, an automatic bank deduction can be made regularly to cover the $840 life insurance premium.

The $1,500 tax bill is due again in 10 months. Why not set $150 aside into a special savings or credit union account? Then when it comes due, you will have the money. Afterwards, you can reduce the monthly savings amount to $125 since you will have 12 months to accumulate the next payment.

If the IRA $2,000 deposit is due again in eight months, put aside $250 each month until then. After it has been paid, the amount to set aside is only $166. Furthermore, you will be earning interest on these escrow funds, rather than paying interest as a result of poor money management.

Initial savings ($150 + $250) $400 monthly; thereafter only ($125 + $166) $291.

SAVE REGULARLY AND SYSTEMATICALLY

It is important to assign a portion of each paycheck for your savings and investment program. Consider it an obligation just as important as any other monthly obligation.

In addition to saving a portion of monthly income, we strongly urge that any money saved by tax planning each year be invested the following year. This will give you an additional source of investment funds as well as a means of reducing income tax liability on a regular basis.

What is Cash Flow Management? Every successful business relies on a financial system to carefully control income and expenses. A business must have a system to know its present financial status, and more important, to plan for its future financial moves. A corporation cannot place a $40,000 inventory order unless its controller knows next month’s receipts will cover the order.

Your personal financial situation is comparable to that of a business. Both have concerns for profit, income and expenses, and spending decisions affected by anticipated circumstances. Consequently, personal cash flow management is designed to handle your financial situation like a business, and you will function as the controller.

A SYSTEM, NOT A BUDGET

Cash Flow Management is a system, not a budget. It will allow you to see your financial situation from a long-term, systematic viewpoint. You will see how one move, such as a periodic tax payment, can affect your disbursements for several months prior to, and following, the actual payment. Budgets are too immediate in scope to allow you to relate a March income to a July expense.

It is essential for you to begin a systematic savings and investment program to accomplish financial and retirement goals. Every successful business relies upon a system to control income and disbursements. Your personal financial situation is comparable to that of a business, and is no less important!

Most people have not saved as much as they would have wished. The reason is not that they did not intend to save, but they did not have a system. Lacking a system makes it very easy to be distracted by the many opportunities to spend earnings.

Your financial needs and desires present unique situations, and your system must be flexible enough to accommodate whatever you require. Tailor it to fit yourself and your family; do not rely on what your neighbor does.

While your friends or neighbors might be managing cash flow to save for a European vacation, you may need to direct cash flow towards current tuition for a degree. Your system should be flexible, but also rigid enough to be a guide and point you in the right direction.

If your cash flow system becomes a hindrance, do not abandon it; redesign it. With sensitive shaping to your needs, it will allow financial freedom rather than acting as a financial barrier.

A Personal Cash Flow Management System, if used consistently, can be of great value in helping to gain control of your personal financial situation. It will ensure that there is always cash available to pay bills as they come due. It will also help you save more money in a systematic way.

Time is your greatest ally. The more time you have, the less money you will need to save and invest. The less time you have, the more money it will take. Procrastination is a deadly enemy of your goal to retire with financial dignity.

Part Two Next Week

A great percentage of the population has prejudices or “hang-ups” about money. Some have been inherited from childhood, and others acquired from peers. A better understanding of these “hang-ups” can help us all manage our financial resources more effectively.

• Lack of Confidence

“I can’t” (manage my money).

“I definitely can’t” (make informed investment decisions).

“I don’t know how to” (find out what I want to know – and even if I did…)

“I couldn’t trust myself” (to interpret the information correctly).

“I’ve never had to” (pay the bills on my own).

“I’m not sure if I can” (follow through).

A lack of confidence is not confined to one sex, but it has been more prevalent in women. Regardless of the changing roles, some women still feel that showing competency in financial situations is unfeminine. Many men still maintain complete control of the family finances, however poorly they may manage them. While these relationships are shifting, lack of confidence discourages learning new information and skills.

• Overconfidence

“I already know what I need to do” (there is little new I can learn).

“I’ve been managing my money very successfully for years” (I really do not need any help).

The opposite of underplaying financial competence is knowing all the answers. This is more common with men. They have been told they are expected to know it all – the masculine mystique. In many cases, the financial situation has been handled well, but can be improved upon.

• Sequential Thinking

“First I must take care of this and when that is done, I will take care of that….”

This type of thinking is typical of the couple who cannot plan for retirement until the children finish college, or the affluent young adult who cannot set aside money for emergencies and take care of paying current obligations.

• Procrastination

Desire for perfection. “Unless I can make X percent on this investment, I won’t go into it.” “Unless you can guarantee that I will earn X amount by this date, I just won’t act.”

Sequential thinking. “I will act as soon as I have all the facts.” “The economy straightens itself out.” “When I get a raise.” “When my spouse gets a job.”

Avoidance of painful subjects. “I can’t think about dying or buying insurance.” “I don’t want to think about becoming disabled.”

The perfectionist fears discovering a financial decision was not the best possible move. Sequential thinkers and procrastinators have an inexhaustible supply of reasons; there will always be another contingency.

The person avoiding painful subjects will delay acquiring adequate insurance because he or she is unable to think about death or the possibility of disability.

• Lack of Definite Goals

“I put long hours in every day; I just don’t have time for anything else.”

People without goals are not shiftless or lazy, just extremely shortsighted. Some continue to work 10 to 14 hour days both bragging and complaining about the long hours, but with no plans to change or upgrade their circumstances.

• Goal Confusion

“I don’t have enough money to travel.” “I can’t seem to plan for my vacation.” “I never have the money to do what I really want to do.”

Some people know exactly what they want – a vacation in Europe or Mexico, maybe the purchase of a second home – but they have never had the money to reach their goals. They allow secondary goals, eating at gourmet restaurants or buying expensive gifts to pre-empt their primary goals.

To help solve these six money hang-ups, talk with a professional. Recognition of the problem is the first step toward a solution. A financial advisor can suggest a number of ideas to help overcome money mismanagement.

How a person spends money is far more important than how he or she invests it. It is much easier to reach retirement goals by deciding how to live, rather than how to invest. Deciding what to do with the money we earn – how to spend it – is what brings about peace of mind, not how much we make or how much we have.

The late Loren Dunton, founder of the non-profit National Center for Financial Education in San Diego, wrote about his lifestyle decisions to buy new cars and spend weekends in Reno, instead of investing a hundred dollars each month in a mutual fund when he was in his late twenties. That fund would have been worth over a million dollars today.

AN EXPENSIVE CAR

Perhaps you think the difference between a full-sized car, fully-equipped, and a compact is only about $10,000. Actually, it is more like a million dollars. Consider this, borrowing $25,000 for a new car over four years will cost about $634 a month, while borrowing just $15,000 will cost only $381 a month.

If one saved the difference of $253 each month for 35 years, earning an 8% average rate of return, it would swell to $580,352. However, that is just the accumulation of the funds. What about the earnings as the funds are withdrawn during retirement?

If one were to get monthly payments of $4,479 from that sum from ages 65 to 90 (and some predictions say there may be over 250,000 people over the age of 100 in America in the 21st century), the total amount collected would be $1.3 million.

This is the magic of compound interest. However, it is not retroactive! One must save now to enjoy the benefits of compound interest in the future.

WAITING TO INVEST

For instance, if the difference in the example above were saved for only 25 years it would grow to just $240,000. Paid out at $1,857 a month, the total would be $557,000. It is amazing that the difference in saving an additional ten years is about a half million dollars. However, the monthly difference in payments of $2,622 monthly shows how today’s lifestyle decisions can be worth a million dollars in retirement years.

When should people begin saving money? Never soon enough. If ten years could mean a difference of $2,622 in retirement income each month, can you imagine what 15 or 20 additional years of savings would mean when you reach age 65?

JUST A LITTLE POSTPONEMENT

For some, no doubt saving now would be easier if there was more current income. People 17 to 23 years old may think: “Me save? Are you kidding? I am just getting my education and besides I want to have a good time. When I get out of college and start my career, I’ll start saving.”

People 24 to 30 may be tempted to think: “You don’t expect me to save now? I have only been working a few years. Right now, it is important to dress well. I’ll save later.”

From 31 to 42, the reasoning may go something like this: “How can I save now? I am married with small children. Perhaps when they are older I can think about saving.”

Those 43 to 55 wish they could save now. However, many just do not, saying they cannot because of children in college and education loans to pay.

From 56 to 65 most recognize the urgency to begin saving now. However, money is tight. It is not easy for people that age to better themselves. It is tough to break years of over-spending habits. “Maybe something will turn up,” many say.

At age 65 and older, it is too late to begin saving money. You cannot save when there is no income. Many older people live with their children and are dependent on Social Security, which is inadequate, since Social Security was only designed to be supplemental.

If the choice between cars can impact retirement income, imagine the possibilities when applied to lifestyle choices such as a home, vacations, dining out, entertainment, wardrobes, furnishings, etc.

Try to develop the art of money accumulation now. Begin by saving every day. Start today!

There are people that get into financial trouble due to outside circumstances. Medical emergencies, loss of job or a family crisis are some reasons. The majority of financial trouble stems from simple over spending.

Spenders who need outside help may benefit from the support of a more frugal friend who would be willing to act as a money mentor or spending coach. If you recommend to a friend Debtors Anonymous, don’t be surprised to hear a quick “no.”

Some people are too ashamed to admit that they may be damaged in this way. You may have to think of other solutions, such as a financial recovery counselor. (Karen McCall and her associates at www.financialrecovery.com and Bari Tessler’s group at www.consciousbookkeeping.com are two valuable resources.)

Two more tips: Once you’ve developed guidelines for an overspending friend, or yourself, take care not to call it a budget – a word that free-living boomers mentally translate as “ball and chain.” Refer to it instead as a spending plan, or a spending, saving, and investing plan, or even a financial growth plan.

Those of you who may be in denial about this I ask you to describe three scenarios: (1) what happens if all your dreams come true; (2) what happens if outcomes are just so-so; and (3) what happens if you have made mistakes that force you to change your lifestyle. What will your life be like? How will you feel? What will your friends and relatives say about you?

I suspect that when you reach scenario # 3 the last question may unleash shame, regret and many pent up feelings. Find out the reasons for overspending. Just like people who over eat, over indulge in alcohol or drugs the actions are symptoms of inner turmoil.